Complex Care Exam 2 Practice

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• Sensing in pacemaker terminology is defined as:
• Which nursing action is essential for IABP?
• In thermodilution, where is the cold bolus injected?
• Which signs suggest a catheter-related infection?
• Which of the following is a cause of failure to capture?
• Which elements should be included in pacemaker documentation?
• A patient with an aortic aneurysm should receive which device?
• Application scenario two demonstrates what finding?
• For pulseless electrical activity during post-operative arrest, what is recommended?
• In thermodilution CO measurement, what does the computer plot to determine CO?
• Which combination of neuro and renal findings would indicate decreased cardiac output affecting tissue perfusion?
• Bleeds greater than 200 mL per hour after cardiac surgery are treated with which approach?
• If there is asystole or extreme bradycardia during post-operative arrest and pacing wires are available, what should be attempted before cardiac massage?
• Which statement about PAOP is true?
• Which of the following actions can be used to increase heart rate when it is too low?
• Causes of an elevated heart rate include which of the following?
• Central venous pressure monitoring (via CVC) involves catheter placement in which location?
• In synchronous pacing, why are there not pacer spikes before every P wave or QRS?
• Low preload is best described as
• What is the optimal position for removing a central venous catheter?
• Causes of decreased heart rate include:
• Must a patient be perfectly flat to obtain PA pressures?
• Right ventricle afterload is measured as what?
• Contractility is defined as which of the following?
• Where is the tip of a pulmonary artery catheter typically located?
• In the event of an air embolism at a central venous catheter site, which action is recommended?
• What is the term for atrioventricular sequential pacing?
• One recommended troubleshooting step for failure to capture is to...
• Undersensing can be caused by which of the following?
• What is the purpose of inflating the balloon at the PA catheter tip?
• PAOP (wedge) pressure normal range is:
• If the pacemaker spike precedes both the P wave and the QRS complex, what is the pacemaker type?
• Firing refers to?
• Left ventricular preload is normally reflected by PAOP in which range?
• What is the normal range for mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2)?
• Permanent pacemaker indications include which situations?
• Which medication increases contractility?
• Which patients might be candidates for a VAD?
• What ECG finding is commonly associated with pericarditis after myocardial infarction?
• Which combination best represents common multi-system findings in decreased cardiac output?
• Renal findings associated with decreased cardiac output typically include which of the following?
• Temporary pacemaker leads can have how many electrodes?
• If an ICD does not deliver a shock when a shockable rhythm is present, what is the recommended action?
• Which statement about central venous pressure monitoring is true?
• A patient with acute MI who remains hypotensive after starting dopamine should receive which device(s)?
• When is a temporary pacemaker typically used?
• When removing a central venous catheter, during which phase should you withdraw the catheter?
• Which two factors determine cardiac output?
• Which statement is true about spontaneous respirations and PA catheter waveform?
• Which combination of therapies is used to treat post-op bleeding after cardiac surgery?
• What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) to maintain in patients with a VAD, as monitored by Doppler?
• What are the normal right ventricular waveform values?
• Preload is best defined as which of the following?
• Interpreting rhythm #1 shows which of the following?
• The tip of a PA catheter is typically located in which vessel?
• If the pacemaker spike precedes a P wave, what type of pacemaker is indicated?
• In post-cardiac surgery arrest with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, what is the recommended sequence of actions?
• In a patient with tricuspid stenosis, what is the typical effect on cardiac output?
• Late-Stage CHF is associated with ICD implantation due to risk for what event?
• Left ventricular heart failure signs include which of the following?
• During an air embolism associated with a central venous catheter, what is the first priority action?
• Where is a central venous catheter typically inserted?
• Which of the following best describes an ART line indication?
• What systolic blood pressure range is targeted when managing postoperative bleeding?
• What are key chest tube care tasks after cardiac surgery?
• What characterizes a demand (synchronous) pacemaker?
• Nursing management for permanent pacemaker includes which of the following?
• Which medication decreases contractility?
• If the pacemaker spike precedes a QRS complex, what type of pacemaker is indicated?
• Atrial fibrillation after MI decreases cardiac output by approximately what percent?
• Which finding is characteristic of pericarditis as a mechanical complication of myocardial infarction?
• Which rhythm requires an ICD?
• Symptomatic sinus bradycardia after inferior MI is treated with which option?
• Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) measures what?
• How does the nurse know if the patient’s contractility is responding to treatment?
• ICD is described as what?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with right-sided heart failure?
• What happens in synchronous ventricular pacing when intrinsic activity is sensed?
• According to the Frank-Starling law, the force of ventricular ejection is directly related to which factor?
• Temporary transvenous pacemaker is most commonly inserted via which vein?
• What is a contraindication for Impella?
• When medications increase SVR, what nursing assessment is particularly important?
• After TAVR post insertion, dual antiplatelet therapy is required for how long to prevent thromboembolism?
• What is the normal LVSWI range?
• Admitted with beta blocker overdose causing bradycardia, which device may be indicated?
• Which parameter is monitored to assess for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery?
• When using positive pressure ventilation, the reading should be taken at which part of the curve?
• Which temperature-related issue is associated with depressed myocardial function after cardiac surgery, and how should warming be approached?
• Which statement is true about tissue valves compared with mechanical valves?
• Mechanical heart valves are made from which materials and what is required post-implantation?
• What measurement is obtained by injecting cold saline into a PA catheter and timing the temperature change?
• What is the primary goal of resynchronization therapy?
• What is the purpose of an intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring line (ART line)?
• What is the emergency intervention for suspected cardiac tamponade in the post-operative patient?
• Which scenario would contribute to decreased SvO2 by reducing oxygen delivery?
• In pacing terminology, what does “failure to capture” mean?
• Pharmacologic treatment for premature ventricular contractions after MI is indicated when PVCs meet which criteria?
• Which vessels are commonly used as grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?
• What are common arterial line insertion sites?
• After an ICD shock is delivered, which nursing assessment is essential?
• In mechanical circulatory support, a primary goal is to
• What characterizes synchronous pacing (ventricular)?
• Elevated SVR is primarily caused by which mechanism?
• Routes for temporary pacemaker leads include which of the following?
• Which of the following are methods to manipulate an elevated heart rate?
• What parameter is used to monitor the balance between oxygen supply and metabolic tissue demand in critically ill patients?
• Dynamic response (zeroing or square wave test) indicates that a damped waveform can affect arterial waveform with which findings?
• Which of the following are potential neurological complications after cardiac surgery?
• What is the normal RVSWI range?
• Normal right ventricular preload is reflected by CVP in which range?
• What is the normal range for pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?
• Which condition is commonly treated with a temporary pacemaker when not responsive to medications?
• Which of the following is an indication for PA catheter use when monitoring therapy response?
• Threshold is defined as?
• For post-op bleeding, which sources should be controlled?
• Valvular surgery commonly involves which two types of valves?
• What is the pulse generator?
• Which of the following is a risk associated with arterial line placement?
• What is the definition of cardiac output?
• Left-sided heart failure commonly presents with which symptom?
• Which scenario demonstrates increased oxygen consumption leading to decreased SvO2?
• What characterizes asynchronous pacing (ventricular)?
• Which of the following is an indication for IABP?
• To support cardiac function and manage a low-output state after cardiac surgery, which hemodynamic parameters are typically monitored?
• What is the Impella device?
• From which vessel is the SvO2 sample drawn?
• Which of the following can cause high LVSWI and RVSWI?
• Low SVR is caused by which of the following?
• Left ventricular afterload is measured as systemic vascular resistance. What is the normal range for SVR?
• Identify a cardiac complication specifically associated with mechanical valve surgery.
• Which nursing consideration is important for Impella?
• Which option is NOT a routing method for temporary pacemaker leads?
• What is the recommended progression of ambulation after cardiac surgery?
• Tissue valves are constructed from animal or human tissue. Which statement is true?
• What is a primary indication for a permanent pacemaker?
• Right-sided valve stenosis reduces LV preload leading to decreased CO; which statement correctly describes LV preload?
• Which statement accurately describes the systemic impact of a right-sided valvular stenosis on preload and cardiac output?
• Which complications should be assessed at the vascular access site after TAVR?
• Transcatheter valve replacement (TAVR) is typically used for which valve and uses what type of prosthesis?
• Which condition is a known cause of increased cardiac output?
• For an acute decompensated CHF with hypotension, which device(s) could be used?
• Norepinephrine, used as a vasopressor, primarily increases which parameter?
• Which of the following is a cause of low LVSWI and RVSWI?
• Which statement describes a method to lower SVR?
• Sensing refers to?
• What does asynchronous ventricular pacing do?
• What is a primary purpose of a central venous catheter?
• Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are designed to do what in relation to the heart?
• Sinus bradycardia after myocardial infarction most commonly occurs with which infarct location?
• High preload is characterized by which of the following statements?
• For short-term mechanical circulatory support, which clinical scenario qualifies?
• Which condition is explicitly listed as an indication for PA catheter use in diagnostic workups?
• A sign more typical of left-sided heart failure is which of the following?
• Ventricular aneurysm after myocardial infarction is most commonly seen with occlusion of which coronary artery?
• Which of the following is NOT a goal of mechanical circulatory support?
• Resynchronization therapy criteria include which combination?
• What is the mechanism of IABP during diastole and systole?
• A stenotic right-sided valve can affect preload to the left ventricle, resulting in which preload status?
• During myocardial infarction, AV block commonly occurs with which infarct, and what is the symptomatic treatment?
• Cardiac output is calculated as which of the following?
• What characterizes a fixed rate (asynchronous) pacemaker?
• Central venous catheter is used to monitor alterations in what?
• Which sign would you most likely observe with decreased cardiac output?
• Which measure is included in preventing complications after MI?
• What is the primary purpose of long-term ventricular assist devices (VADs)?
• Normal left ventricular ejection fraction range is
• Which method is used to measure cardiac output, as described in the material?
• Ventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction results in abnormal communication between which chambers?
• Which device is indicated for Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)?
• Which medication is a coronary artery vasodilator used in management of MI complications?
• Normal right atrial pressure (RAP) range is:
• Which of the following is a cause of decreased cardiac output?
• Afterload is defined as
• Which term describes pacing that inherently paces the atria and ventricles in sequential order?
• What does an atrioventricular sequential (dual chamber) pacemaker do?
• How does a pacemaker deliver pacing energy to the heart?
• A patient with a mechanical heart valve should receive which device?
• Which of the following is NOT a short-term mechanical circulatory support device?
• Which of the following best describes the sequence from tricuspid stenosis to reduced tissue perfusion?
• In a normal, healthy heart with high systemic vascular resistance (SVR), what is the impact on cardiac output?
• Through which access routes can Impella be placed?
• What is the normal range for cardiac output in liters per minute?
• Interpreting rhythm #2 shows which of the following?
• Under what condition should early beta blockers be considered in post-MI management?
• Capture refers to?
• CABG conduits commonly used include which vessels?
• The electrical stimulus (mA) necessary to elicit a myocardial depolarization is called:
• An ICD is used to treat which arrhythmias?
• Pulseless alternans is associated with which LV condition?
• What appears on the ECG tracing to indicate pacemaker firing?
• Which is a complication of Impella?
• What is another name for the dynamic response testing of arterial lines?
• Which ventricular dysrhythmia is immediately life-threatening after a myocardial infarction?
• Ejection fraction is defined as what?
• What is a key preventive measure to reduce thrombus formation after CV catheter placement?
• Early extubation after cardiac surgery should occur once which conditions are met?
• PAOP (wedge) pressure estimates preload of which ventricle?
• What is a hallmark appearance of pacemaker artifact on the ECG?
• Undersensing essentially causes the pacemaker to operate in which mode?
• What is the normal indexed cardiac output range (L/min per m2)?
• Which settings should the nurse assess for a transvenous temporary pacemaker?
• Which of the following best reflects tissue hypoperfusion due to decreased cardiac output?
• Indication for measuring SVO2 is which of the following?
• The size and visibility of pacemaker spikes on an ECG are determined by which factor?
• In severe and prolonged right-sided heart failure, which hepatic signs might be observed?
• Underdamped square wave test is characterized by which of the following?
• Which signs suggest acute heart failure after a myocardial infarction?
• Sinus tachycardia after myocardial infarction is most associated with which infarct location?
• Which statement reflects a goal of mechanical circulatory support?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes Svo2 and Scvo2?
• Which topic is essential in ICD patient education?
• Which sites are potential infections after cardiac surgery?
• The transvenous temporary pacemaker is most commonly inserted via which sites?
• Overdamped square wave test is characterized by which of the following?
• A patient with a Ventricular-paced rhythm develops diaphoresis and dizziness. The immediate nursing action is to:
• Identify a non-cardiac complication associated with mechanical valve surgery.
• Which statement best describes anticoagulation needs for valve types?
• Which condition is described as a negative inotrope affecting contractility?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to IABP?
• Application scenario one describes a ventricular pacemaker that induced ventricular tachycardia by shocking the T wave. What best summarizes this scenario?
• Which index is used to estimate the force of contraction of the ventricles?
• Which condition would cause decreased SvO2 due to decreased arterial oxygen saturation?
• Where does the pacing impulse originate when a spike is observed on the ECG?
• What is the method used to obtain a PAOP measurement?
• In VAD nursing care, which action is appropriate during emergencies?
• In the context of right-sided heart failure, which finding would be most indicative of hepatic involvement?
• Which nursing intervention is aimed at increasing cardiac output in MI complications?
• Which of the following is a common complication during CV catheter removal?
• For symptomatic sinus bradycardia, which device is indicated?
• Which factor related to contractility can be measured by a PA catheter?
• Which waveform corresponds to LV preload?
• Which measures are used to maintain sternal precautions when changing position after cardiac surgery?
• Which topic is included in ICD patient education for family members?
• What does failure to capture mean in pacemaker function?
• During a run of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, how would you expect cardiac output to change?